Transmission of electrical impulses over circuits of high electrostatic capacity.



G. musso'; TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES OVER CIRCUITS OF HIGHELECTROSTATIC CAPACITY.

APPLICATION FILED 16.13. 19.

Patented May 9,1916. A

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g s --Ill" {\i g m Q I k s v Q fi' I mum S I N I E N TOR M Arron/15y G.MUSSO.

TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSS OVER CIRCUITS OF HIGH ELECTROSTATICCAPACITY.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. I3. I9I4.

1,182,302. Patented May 9,1916.

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X; N & Sq? 1?! .g .3 I5 f [All/ENTOR ZW ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

GIUSEPPE MUSSO, OF VADO, ITALY.

TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES oven cmcurrs or HIGH unacrnosrarrcCAPACITY.

Continuation of 1' 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, 'GIUSEPPE Musso, a subject of the King of Italy, andresident of Vado, Province of Genoa, Italy, have invented certain newand useful mprovements in Transmission .of Electrical Impulses OverCircuitsof High Electrostatic Capacity, of which the following is aspecification This invention relates tothe transmission of electricalimpulses over circuits of high electrostatic capacity, and,particularly, to a method of improving, both in quality and efiiciency,the transmission of telephonic messages over long distance circuits,constituted of either cables or open wires.

This application is a continuation of my application filed May 12, 1911,Ser. No. 826851.

In carrying out my invention, I impress upon the main line an-impulse ofpredetermined character stics, suitable to overcome the impedance of theline, this impulse being the result of the fluctuation or discharge ofthe, electromagnetic field produced by a suitabl constructed solenoidinserted in a local circuit, such circuit containing a bat tery or othersuitable source of electromotive force. By this arrangement, knowing thecharacteristics of the main line, and, consequently, the retardationthat an impulse would besubjected to, if sent directly from a battery,and the lag of the voltage behind the current, the self-inductance ofthe local circuit can be adjusted so as to establish, in said circuit,conditions directly opposite to those existing in the main line, e; tocause the current to lag behind the voltage to an equal degree as thevoltage would otherwise lag or be retarded by the capacityof the mainline. Thus, the im pulsewill start bearing the prevailingcharacteristics of the 'localcircuit, but it will be gradually affected.bythe opposite Charac teristics of-the mainline circuit, until, uponreaching the receiving end of the main line,

the components of each impulse, e. the voltage and amperage will appearto be in. phase, or-nearly so, while no trace of the usualretardationin. operating theline will be experienced. By this process Ido, virtually, reduce'by neutralization the impedance of thelineto itsohmic resistance only. This, however, is not-'the-point'that.

Specification of Letters Patent.

I cuits.

Patented May 9, 191?.

application Serial No. 6 26,851, filed May 12, 1911. Renewed January 12,1914, Serial Np,

811,782. This application filed August 18, 1914. Serial No. 856,579.

marks the limit of my invention, in fact, it is plain that in anordinary circuit opposing a certain ohmic resistance, the volume of the.impulses can be increased by increasing the current generating the This,however, is not and cannot be a case of sim ple application to my'invention, as the sourceof electromotivefiorce (the battery, for.instance), here is to be. considered only as aprimar means forgenerating electrical impulses. y working impulses are of anelectromagnetic nature and are set up by the solenoid. This solenoid,forming part of an electromagnetic circuit, must be de signed so as topossess a limit of satiiration i suitable for the formation of impulsesoi the desired volume for a given ohmic resistance of the main circuit.Now, when the limit of saturation o f a solenoid is reached, a lar orsupply olf current would not be profitabia and migh be detrimental.

My invention, therefore, as not limited to the means of neutralizing theeffect of elec- .trostatic capacity in a gii en line, but lI1-' eludesalso that of overcoming the ohmic showin one arrangement for telephoniccir tion.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 the local circuit includes a battery102, an ad justable inductance 'coil 103, adjustable condensers 112 and.an adjustable non-inductive resistance -R-, connected in parallel igs. 3and 4 are diagrammatic views, illustrating an amplified form of myinvensimilar to'that shown in F ig. 1 but contains should the resistanceof the transmitter ciras shown at 27, in

cuit vary or the circuit open the weaker battery 102 will then impressits polarity upon the line. 7

Referring to Fig. 3 an adjustable battery isshown at 14, provided with aswitch arm 15, pivoted at 16, by means of which the desired number ofelements forming the battery 14 can be cut in. A solenoid or coil isshown at 12, whose inductance and output is adjustable by means of thesliding contact 11. A variable and adjustable condenser is shown at 17and an adjustable non-inductive resistance at 18. 17 is a block or plugprovided for the purpose of cutting out the condenser 17 altogether whendesired. A telephone transmitter is represented at 20, but this mayrepresent any suitabletransmitting device. 25 represents a telephonereceiver. 'Thesnain line from the transmitter to'the receiver may betraced through 2, 3, 4, 23, and 2S and the return line through 29, 30,5, 6, and 7.

The return line circuit may be by Way of a ground circuit 21, 22 asshown in Fig. 4, which is similar to the diagram shown in Fig. 3, exceptin that the return line, 29, 30,

1%, 5, 6 and 7 is eliminated and the line grounded at 21 and 22, andcapacities or condensers 26, 27 inserted at the ends of the mainline.Such condensers are intended, chiefly, to reduce, in its effect theelectrostatic capacity of main circuits, such as lone aerial lines,-underground or submarine cables. capacity of such main circuits issutiiciently large to cause undesirable effects, I have found that thebest results are obtained when Said condensers are inserted in the maincircuit some distance from the receiving device, Figs.

The local circuit is outlined in Figs. 3 and 4 by the numerals 16, 1, 2,7, 8, 9, 13.

The operation of the system will be understood from a description ofthat shown in Figs. 3 and 4, which is-as follows: First, ascertainingthe characteristics of the main line 23, I proceed to the adjustment ofthe inductance and output of the solenoid or coil 12, varying also, ifnecessary, the capacity 17, the resistance 18 and the battery 14, toproduce conditions opposite to these existing; in the main line and soproportioned as to balance or neutralize the electrostatic capacity ofthe main line, thereby establishing a condition or resonance in the twocircuits. This leaves only the'ohmic resistance of the main line to beovercome,

In all cases, where the electrostaticwhich I accomplish by increasingthe 'out-' overcome the ohmic resistance of the line and to cause theimpulses to reach the distant end of the main line having ample intensity or strength to operate the receiver. Having thus determined thedesired charac teristics and the intensity of the impulse to be used, Ithen operate the transmitting device 20, which, in this case, is a.telephone transmitter. This, as it is Well known, will determinevariations in the resistance of the local circuit, '16-l27-89 12,thereby causing corresponding fluctuations or variations in the magneticfield set up by the solenoid or coil 12. Such fluctuations or variationsof the magnetic field of the solenoid 12 are reflected or impressed uponthe line 23-24, and can be detected at the distant end by a receiver 25.

As many changes could be made in the above constructions andarrangements and many apparently widely different embodiments of *myinvention designed, without departing from the scope of the appendedclaims, I intend that all matter contained in the above description orshown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrativemerely of operative embodiments of my invention and not in a limitingsense.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters lPatent,is: I

1. The herein described system forthe transmission of electricalimpulses, consisting of a local circuit containing a source ofelectromotive force, a telephone transmitter,

a solenoid of predetermined self-inductance which s so proportioned asto balance'or neutralize the electrostatic capacity of the impulses areimpressed, and connections connecting said source of electromotive forcesaid transmitter in shunt therewith.

2. Means for transmitting electrical in, I pulses, over a main line,comprising a source and solenoid in series with the main line and andinductance in series with the main line and said transmitter in shunttherewith.

4. The herein described system for the transmimion of electricalimpulses, consisting of a local circuit containing a source ofelectromotive force, a telephone transmitter, and a solenoid ofpredetermined self-in' ductance which is so proportioned as to beadapted to establish impulses in said local circuit havingcharacteristics which balance or neutralize the electrostatic capacityof the main line and of predetermined output and intensity sufficientfor overcoming the ohmic resistance of the main line upon which saidimpulses a re impressed, said main line being connected electricallywith said local circuit between the transmitter and source ofelectromotive force on one side and solenoid and transmitter on theother.

5. The herein described system for the transmission of electricalimpulses, consistiug of a local circuit containing a source ofelectromotive force, a telephone transmitter, a solenoid ofpredetermined self-inductance which is so proportioned as to balan e rneutralize the electrostatic capacity t "1 ine and of predeterminedoutput and arty auliicient for overcoming the ohmic ,rxe of the mainline upon which said imp ,3, are impressed, said main line beinconnected through condensers with sai local cir'uit between thetransmitter and smu'crof clectro-motive force on one side and thetransmitter and solenoid on the other.

6. 'l'" herein described system for the tracers on of electricalimpulses of predetermined characteristics, adapted to overcome theimpedance of a main line, said system consisting of the combination of avariable source of electromotive force with an adjustable inductancecoil connected in series therewith, said inductance coil being soproportioned as to balance or neutralize the capacity of the main line,and of a transmittin device in shunt therewith, these three e ementsbeing connected in a local circuit, from which said impulses are setupon the main line, said line being connected to said local circuit.

7. The herein described system for the transmission of electricalimpulses of predetermined characteristics, adapted to overcome theimpedance of a main line, said system consisting of the combination of avariable source of electromotive force with an adjustable inductancecoil, said inductance coil being so proportioned as to balance orneutralize the capacity of the main line, and of a transmitting device,these three elements being connected in series in a local circuit, saidtransmitting device being connected in parallel with said source ofelectro-motive force and coil in respect to the line, from which saidimpulses are set upon the main line, said line being connected to saidlocal circuit.

8. The herein described system for the transmission of electricalimpulses of predetermined characteristicsover a main line, consisting ofthe combination with said main line of a local circuit in which avariable source of electromot-ive force, a coil of adjustable inductanceand output and a telephone transmitter are connected in series, saidtelephone transmitter being connected in, parallel with said source ofelectromotive force and coil in respect to the line, and a variablecondenser connected in series with an adjustable non-inductiveresistance connected in parallel with said inductance coil.

Signed at New York, Y. in the county and State of New York, this 11thday of August, 1914.

GIUSEPPE MUSSO.

Copies cf this patent may be obtained for five cent: each, bysemi-caning the commissioner of Intent, Washington, St. 8."

